gustometer  (Burghart GmbH)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Ingestion-activated CGRP neurons control learning but not satiety

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.08.681275

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Single-cell imaging of CGRP neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) during self-paced licking. Right, Representative lens placement and GCaMP6s expression in CGRP neurons and view through the GRIN lens. scp, superior cerebellar peduncle. b , Left, heatmap and average CGRP neuron population response to Ensure consumption. Right, quanitfication and example of types of neural responses to Ensure. Vertical gray bars represent licks. c , Peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of CGRP neuron responses relative to the first and last lick in a bout. d , Schematic of mice being given intermittent access to Ensure on the Davis Rig. e , Heatmap of neural responses to intermittent licking and example neural traces. f , Correlation between licking and mean z-scored response. g , CDF of CGRP neuron responses when licking air vs Ensure. h , PSTH of activated neurons in response to licking for various solutions. i , Time to 50% of peak response following first lick in a bout. j , Quantification of neural responses. k , Average z-score during the first 10 minutes of solution access of activated and inhibited neurons. l , Average neural responses during bouts, normalized to the number of licks. m , Injection of the multi-synaptic retrograde pseudorabies virus-GFP (PRV-GFP), and a representative image of viral expression in the PBN. n , Expression of PRV-GFP in cells upstream of CGRP neurons in the dorsal vagal complex and the ocaudal spinal trigeminal nuclues (Sp5C) 3 days after injection of PRV-GFP. o , PRV-GFP expression in the geniculate and nodose ganglia. Data are represented as mean ± sem. AP, area postrema. NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract. DMV, dorsal motor vagus. Scale bars, 200 µm. ns means not significant, *** P < .001,

Article Snippet: Intermittent Ensure access experiments were performed in a Davis Rig (MED-DAV-160M, Med Associates).

Techniques: Imaging, Expressing, Injection, Virus

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Ingestion-activated CGRP neurons control learning but not satiety

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.08.681275

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Approximate GRIN lens placements for all animals used for single-cell imaging. b , Heatmaps and averaged response of neurons to self-paced licking for various solutions. c , The amount mice licked for different solutions or air during single-cell imaging experiments. d , Model for how CGRP neurons responses to ingestion could change as over time as food consumption progresses. e , Mean z-scored responses normalized to number of licks for the first (start) and last (end) three trials of the intermittent access test. f , Model for looking at changes in tonic CGRP neuron activity (baseline shift) during food consumption. g , There were greater CGRP neural responses during licking bouts compared to interbout intervals for Ensure. h , Mean interbout z-score of activated neurons at the start and end of a licking session (first vs. last 10 minutes). i , Average interbout z-scored response in the first and last 10 minutes of Ensure access of neurons categorized as “non-responsive”. j , Interbout z-score of activated neurons in the last 10 minutes of a licking session for caloric solutions (Ensure, glucose, and intralipid), binned based on the total licks consumed by the end of the session. ns mean not significant. **** P < .0001, *** P < .001, ** P < .01. * P < .05

Article Snippet: Intermittent Ensure access experiments were performed in a Davis Rig (MED-DAV-160M, Med Associates).

Techniques: Imaging, Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Altered striatal dopamine regulation in ADGRL3 knockout mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.07.31.667389

Figure Lengend Snippet: Taste preference for and licking behavior toward an evaporated milk reward were measured for WT and ADGRL3 knockout (KO) mice using a “Davis Rig” gustometer (N=6 WT, 8 KO). (a) Average weights for each genotype over the course of the study. (b) Number of trials presented, (c) number of completed and incomplete trials, (d) and total number of licks across the 30 min session. Statistical analysis consisted of an unpaired t test (***, p<0.001; **, p<0.01). (e) Average latency until first lick by genotype. Statistical analysis consisted of an unpaired t test (****, p<0.0001). (f) Average licks by each genotype for 6 different concentrations of evaporated milk (0%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Statistical analysis consisted of a Two-way ANOVA followed by ídák’s multiple comparison test (****, p<0.0001 for % of evaporated milk). No statistical difference was detected for genotype or reward.

Article Snippet: On the first day of training, 2–3 mice were placed in the “Davis Rig” gustometer (Med-Associates, St. Albans, VT) for 30 minutes to learn licking behavior at the lick-port.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Advanced gustometer design for reliable recording of gustatory event-related potentials in healthy young adults

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1534296

Figure Lengend Snippet: Photographs of the gustometer, showing its front (A) and back (B) views.

Article Snippet: Gustometer , Burghart, Wedel ( ) , Emerging Tech Trans LLC ( ) , Patent Granted , Jacquin-Piques A ( ; ) , Camilla Arndal Andersen Richard Höchenberger ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Advanced gustometer design for reliable recording of gustatory event-related potentials in healthy young adults

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1534296

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the gustometer. The front and back of the gustometer machine consists of a system of computer (A) controlled pumps (channel 1–3 for tastants, channel 4 for distilled water). The tastant solutions are contained in glass bottles (B) ; GERPs was recorded via Neuro-Audio EEG system (C) ; During testing, visual stimuli and auditory stimuli, as well as swallowing movements, were avoided. (D) The pump’s drive pulse is a pulsatile flush with a delay of approximately 1–5 ms, and the maximum pump flow rate is 0.85 mL/s.

Article Snippet: Gustometer , Burghart, Wedel ( ) , Emerging Tech Trans LLC ( ) , Patent Granted , Jacquin-Piques A ( ; ) , Camilla Arndal Andersen Richard Höchenberger ( ) .

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: Advanced gustometer design for reliable recording of gustatory event-related potentials in healthy young adults

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1534296

Figure Lengend Snippet: A brief comparison of the various gustometer design and GERPs data across different centers.

Article Snippet: Gustometer , Burghart, Wedel ( ) , Emerging Tech Trans LLC ( ) , Patent Granted , Jacquin-Piques A ( ; ) , Camilla Arndal Andersen Richard Höchenberger ( ) .

Techniques: Comparison, Control